Large Bitter-cress (Cardamine amara) is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Brassicaceae family. Also known as Large Bittercress or Large Toothwort, it is native to Europe and commonly found in damp woodlands, riverbanks, meadows, and disturbed areas across the UK.

Large Bitter-cress typically thrives in moist, shaded habitats with nutrient-rich soils. It is characterised by its slender stems, pinnate leaves, and clusters of small, white flowers that bloom from late spring to early summer. The plant gets its name from the bitter taste of its leaves and stems.

As a flowering plant, Large Bitter-cress serves as an important food source for various insects, including butterflies, bees, and hoverflies. Its nectar-rich flowers attract pollinators, contributing to the overall biodiversity of its habitat.

Behaviourally, Large Bitter-cress is a perennial plant with a relatively short lifespan, typically living for 2 to 3 years under optimal growing conditions. It reproduces through seed production, with its seeds dispersed by wind, water, or animals.

Culturally, Large Bitter-cress may not have significant cultural references in the UK, but it is appreciated for its role in supporting biodiversity and its contribution to the beauty of natural landscapes.

An interesting fact about Large Bitter-cress is its use as a culinary herb in some regions. Despite its bitter taste, the leaves and young shoots of Large Bitter-cress can be used in salads or cooked as a potherb, adding a tangy flavour to dishes. Additionally, the plant has been used in traditional herbal medicine for its purported diuretic and digestive properties.